PROLAPSO DE ÓRGÃOS PÉLVICOS EM MATRIZES SUÍNAS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25110/arqvet.v28i1.2025-11900Palavras-chave:
Assoalho pélvico, Colágeno, Mortalidade, SuinoculturaResumo
O prolapso de órgãos pélvicos (POP) representa uma das principais causas de mortalidade em matrizes suínas, sendo uma condição multifatorial cuja etiologia ainda não está completamente elucidada. Além de comprometer o bem-estar animal, o POP acarreta significativos prejuízos econômicos à suinocultura, principalmente em decorrência do descarte precoce de matrizes acometidas. Diante desse cenário, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos aspectos anatômicos e fisiológicos envolvidos na ocorrência do POP em fêmeas suínas. Diversos fatores de risco têm sido associados à enfermidade, incluindo predisposição genética, nutrição, manejo inadequado, condições ambientais e escore corporal. Tais fatores contribuem ao enfraquecimento dos músculos, ligamentos e tecidos conjuntivos que compõem os diafragmas pélvico e/ou urogenital, favorecendo a ocorrência de prolapsos retais, vaginais e/ou uterinos. Em casos mais severos, as possibilidades terapêuticas são limitadas, sendo frequentemente indicada a remoção do animal afetado. Para fins diagnósticos, emprega-se o escore perineal, que classifica os graus de POP em três níveis distintos. Ainda que a fisiopatologia do POP não esteja completamente compreendida, diversas hipóteses são propostas, envolvendo mecanismos inflamatórios, alterações hormonais e distúrbios na composição e regulação da matriz extracelular, especialmente no tecido conjuntivo responsável pela sustentação dos órgãos pélvicos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo compila as principais evidências disponíveis sobre a fisiologia e anatomia relacionadas ao POP em suínos, oferecendo subsídios teóricos para futuras investigações. A ampliação desses estudos é fundamental ao desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes de prevenção e tratamento, contribuindo na redução das perdas econômicas e promoção do bem-estar das matrizes suínas.
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