EFEITOS ADVERSOS DOS AGONISTAS α-2 ADRENÉRGICOS EM OVINOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25110/arqvet.v27i2.2024-11651Palavras-chave:
Analgesia, Detomidina, Ruminantes, Sedação, XilazinaResumo
Apesar dos α-2 agonistas serem utilizados para sedação e analgesia de ruminantes, particularmente em ovinos, alguns efeitos adversos graves podem limitar o uso destes fármacos na espécie. Considerando as particularidades da espécie e a necessidade de analgesia e sedação tanto para procedimentos veterinários como para experimentos em biomedicina, faz-se necessário compreender os diferentes efeitos adversos que esta classe pode gerar em ovinos. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os efeitos adversos dos α-2 agonistas em ovinos, bem como estratégias que podem ser adotadas para uma sedação mais segura. Os principais α-2 agonistas utilizado em ovinos nos estudos científicos foram xilazina, romifidina, detomidina, medetomidina e dexmedetomidina. Foram abordadas alterações cardiovasculares, respiratórias, gastrointestinais, geniturinárias e hematológicas, e seus mecanismos adjacentes foram discutidos. Os principais efeitos adversos desta classe de fármacos em ovinos incluem: 1) Bradicardia com hipertensão transitória (um a cinco minutos), seguida de hipotensão; 2) Redução das trocas gasosas pulmonares; 3) Hipomotilidade de pré-estômagos e acúmulo excessivo de gás no rúmen; 4) Redução do fluxo uterino e contração uterina em períodos estrogênico, além de diurese de baixa densidade; 5) Redução da contagem de plaquetas e redução transitória do hematócrito. O uso de antagonistas α-2 adrenérgicos periféricos e de infusão contínua sem bolus inicial podem minimizar os efeitos adversos. A combinação de opioides pode potencializar o efeito sedativo, reduzindo a dose necessária para sedação e minimizar os efeitos adversos.
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